FAC1003 — MINIMAL LEAK

Quick-scan version. Full version: FAC1003 Exam Leaks 2025-2026

Format

Part Type Marks
A T/F, fill blanks, find errors 24
B Write full C++ code (4 Qs) 56

What's Coming Out

DEFINITELY

  • ✅ Pointers & References — *, &, and reference & params
  • ✅ Functions — void vs non-void
  • ✅ Factorial — recursion + iteration SAME QUESTION
  • ✅ Fibonacci — MEMORIZE THE CODE
  • ✅ Function prototypes
  • Arrays 2D and 1D

Maybe

  • ? Passing/returning arrays
  • ? Sum of factorial (non-void)

NOT Coming Out

  • ❌ Searching & sorting
  • ❌ Strings (much)

Memorize These

Pointer vs Reference

int* ptr = &x;     // Pointer: stores address
void f(int &x)     // Reference: modifies original

Factorial — Recursion

int factorial(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return 1;
    return n * factorial(n-1);
}

Factorial — Iteration

int factorial(int n) {
    int r = 1;
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) r *= i;
    return r;
}

Fibonacci — MEMORIZE

int fib(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return n;
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
}

Swap with Reference

void swap(int &a, int &b) {
    int t = a; a = b; b = t;
}

T/F Answers

# Statement Ans
1 Function can be called multiple times TRUE
2 Prototype must include function body FALSE
3 sqrt() needs <cmath> TRUE
4 Program starts from called function FALSE
5 Prototype params must match definition TRUE

Scope

Type Where Keeps Value?
Local Inside block No
Global Outside all functions Yes
Static Inside function YES

Key Distinctions

  • Void: No return, does action
  • Non-void: Returns value, needs return
  • Recursion: Function calls itself, needs base case
  • Iteration: Uses loop

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