FAD1022 — FINAL EXAM SCOPE (Priority Topics)

Last Updated: 2026-05-04
Based on: Lecture 45, FAD1022 L4-L5, Tutorial 15, and Exam Intel
Status: HIGH PRIORITY — These topics appear every exam


PRIORITY 1: Modern Physics (SECTION B — Guaranteed)

Photoelectric Effect (THE EXAM FAVORITE)

Appears in: Section B (structured, multi-part, high marks)
Frequency: Every exam without fail
Source: Tutorial 15 Q2, Lecture 45

The 3 Cases You MUST Know:

Case Given Formula What to Find
Case 1 Two $(f, V_s)$ pairs $eV_s = hf - \phi$ Solve simultaneously for $h$ AND $\phi$
Case 2 Photon energy $E$ and $K_{max}$ $\phi = E - K_{max}$ Work function only
Case 3 Threshold frequency $f_0$ $\phi = hf_0$ Work function directly

Key Formulas: $$K_{max} = hf - \phi = eV_s = \frac{1}{2}m_e v_{max}^2$$

Strategy for Case 1:

  1. Write $eV_{s1} = hf_1 - \phi$ ... (1)
  2. Write $eV_{s2} = hf_2 - \phi$ ... (2)
  3. Subtract: $(V_{s2} - V_{s1})e = (f_2 - f_1)h$
  4. Solve for $h$, then substitute back for $\phi$

Constants to Memorize:

  • $h = 6.63 \times 10^{-34}$ J·s
  • $e = 1.60 \times 10^{-19}$ C
  • $m_e = 9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ kg
  • $c = 3.0 \times 10^{8}$ m/s

de Broglie Wavelength

Source: Tutorial 15 Q4, Lecture 45

Formulas: $$\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{mv} = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2m(KE)}}$$

When to use which:

  • Given velocity $v$ → Use $\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}$
  • Given kinetic energy → Use $\lambda = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2m(KE)}}$

Unit Conversions:

  • $KE$ in eV → Multiply by $1.6 \times 10^{-19}$ to get joules
  • Answer typically in nanometers ($10^{-9}$ m) or angstroms ($10^{-10}$ m)

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Source: Tutorial 15 Q5, Lecture 45

Formula: $$\Delta x \cdot \Delta p \geq \frac{h}{4\pi}$$

Minimum Uncertainty (use this for calculations): $$\Delta p_{min} = \frac{h}{4\pi \cdot \Delta x}$$

Common Variation:

  • Given $\Delta x$, find $\Delta v$: $\Delta v = \frac{\Delta p}{m} = \frac{h}{4\pi m \cdot \Delta x}$

Photon Momentum

Source: Tutorial 15 Q3, Lecture 45

Formula: $$p = \frac{h}{\lambda} = \frac{E}{c}$$

Quick Check:

  • Higher frequency → Higher momentum
  • Shorter wavelength → Higher momentum

Compton Effect (Less Common but Possible)

Source: Lecture 45

Formula: $$\Delta \lambda = \lambda' - \lambda = \frac{h}{m_e c}(1 - \cos\theta)$$

Compton Wavelength: $$\frac{h}{m_e c} = 2.43 \times 10^{-12} \text{ m}$$

Key Points:

  • Maximum shift at $\theta = 180°$: $\Delta\lambda_{max} = \frac{2h}{m_e c}$
  • Photon loses energy → wavelength increases
  • Proof that photons have momentum

PRIORITY 2: Electrostatics (Gauss's Law)

Gauss's Law Applications

Source: FAD1022 L4-L5

Configuration Electric Field Key Point
Point charge at distance $r$ $E = \frac{kQ}{r^2}$ Inverse square law
Line charge at distance $r$ $E = \frac{\lambda}{2\pi r \varepsilon_0}$ $E \propto \frac{1}{r}$
Infinite plane $E = \frac{\sigma}{2\varepsilon_0}$ Constant!
Parallel plates (between) $E = \frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon_0}$ Uniform field
Parallel plates (outside) $E = 0$ Fields cancel
Conductor surface $E = \frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon_0}$ Just outside
Inside conductor $E = 0$ Equilibrium

Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium

Source: FAD1022 L5

Key Properties:

  1. $E = 0$ inside conductor
  2. All excess charge on outer surface
  3. $E \perp$ to surface just outside
  4. $E = \frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon_0}$ at surface

PRIORITY 3: Electric Potential

Formulas

Source: FAD1022 L5

Quantity Formula
Potential from point charge $V = \frac{kQ}{r}$
Potential energy $U = qV = \frac{kqQ}{r}$
Work to move charge $W = q\Delta V$

Superposition (Scalar!): $$V_{total} = \sum_i \frac{kq_i}{r_i}$$


Quick Reference: Constants

Constant Symbol Value
Planck's constant $h$ $6.63 \times 10^{-34}$ J·s
Elementary charge $e$ $1.60 \times 10^{-19}$ C
Speed of light $c$ $3.0 \times 10^{8}$ m/s
Electron mass $m_e$ $9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ kg
Coulomb constant $k$ $8.99 \times 10^{9}$ N·m²/C²
Permittivity of free space $\varepsilon_0$ $8.85 \times 10^{-12}$ C²/(N·m²)
Compton wavelength $\frac{h}{m_ec}$ $2.43 \times 10^{-12}$ m
$hc$ $1.24 \times 10^{-6}$ eV·m = 1240 eV·nm

Exam Strategy

Section B — Modern Physics (Priority Order)

  1. Photoelectric Effect (75% chance) — Master the 3 cases
  2. de Broglie Wavelength (50% chance) — Watch unit conversions
  3. Heisenberg Uncertainty (40% chance) — Remember $\frac{h}{4\pi}$
  4. Compton Effect (25% chance) — Know the formula

Section A — Quick Calculations

  • Electric flux through surfaces
  • Gauss's Law applications
  • Electric potential from multiple charges
  • Photon momentum/energy conversions

Time Allocation

  • Section A: 1-2 minutes per mark
  • Section B: 5-10 minutes for photoelectric (multi-part)

Practice Checklist

Before the exam, you should be able to:

  • [ ] Solve Case 1 photoelectric: Find $h$ and $\phi$ from two data pairs
  • [ ] Solve Case 2 photoelectric: Find $\phi$ from $E$ and $K_{max}$
  • [ ] Solve Case 3 photoelectric: Find $\phi$ from $f_0$
  • [ ] Calculate de Broglie wavelength from KE (convert eV to J!)
  • [ ] Calculate minimum $\Delta p$ from given $\Delta x$
  • [ ] Calculate photon momentum from wavelength or energy
  • [ ] Apply Gauss's Law to line charge, plane, and parallel plates
  • [ ] Find electric field inside/outside conductors
  • [ ] Calculate potential from multiple point charges

Related Resources


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